AMI

Printing and Related Support Activities

NAICS #323 | Industries in the Printing and Related Support Activities subsector print products, such as newspapers, books, labels, business cards, stationery, business forms, and other materials, and perform support activities, such as data imaging, platemaking services, and bookbinding. The support activities included here are an integral part of the printing industry, and a product (a printing plate, a bound book, or a computer disk or file) that is an integral part of the printing industry is almost always provided by these operations.

Processes used in printing include a variety of methods used to transfer an image from a plate, screen, film, or computer file to some medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood. The most prominent of these methods is to transfer the image from a plate or screen to the medium (lithographic, gravure, screen, and flexographic printing). A rapidly growing new technology uses a computer file to directly "drive" the printing mechanism to create the image and new electrostatic and other types of equipment (digital or nonimpact printing).

In contrast to many other classification systems that locate publishing of printed materials in manufacturing, NAICS classifies the publishing of printed products in Subsector 511, Publishing Industries (except Internet). Though printing and publishing are often carried out by the same enterprise (a newspaper, for example), it is less and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out in the same establishment. When publishing and printing are done in the same establishment, the establishment is classified in Sector 51, Information, in the appropriate NAICS industry even if the receipts for printing exceed those for publishing.

This subsector includes printing on clothing because the production process for that activity is printing, not clothing manufacturing. For instance, the printing of T-shirts is included in this subsector. In contrast, printing on fabric (or grey goods) is not included. This activity is part of the process of finishing the fabric and is included in the NAICS Textile Mills subsector in Industry 31331, Textile and Fabric Finishing Mills.

Book Publishers

NAICS #51113 | This industry comprises establishments known as book publishers. Establishments in this industry carry out design, editing, and marketing activities necessary for producing and distributing books. These establishments may publish books in print, electronic, or audio form. Establishments publishing books on the Internet exclusively are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting; Establishments primarily engaged in printing books without publishing are classified in Industry 323110, Printing; Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; Establishments, such as trade associations, schools and universities, and social welfare organizations, that publish books for distribution to their membership, that are not commonly known as book publishers, are classified according to their primary activity designation; and Book clubs primarily engaged in direct sales activities without publishing are classified in Industry 454390, Other Direct Selling Establishments.

Other Publishers

NAICS #51119 | This industry comprises establishments known as publishers (except newspaper, magazine, book, directory, mailing list, and music publishers). These establishments may publish works in print or electronic form. Establishments publishing exclusively on the Internet are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting; Establishments known as newspaper publishers are classified in Industry 511110, Newspaper Publishers; Establishments known as magazine and other periodical publishers are classified in Industry 511120, Periodical Publishers; Establishments known as book publishers are classified in Industry 511130, Book Publishers; Establishments primarily engaged in publishing directories and mailing lists are classified in Industry 511140, Directory and Mailing List Publishers; Establishments known as music publishers are classified in Industry 512230, Music Publishers; and Establishments primarily engaged in manufacturing manifold business forms are classified in Industry 323110, Printing.

Web Search Portals

NAICS #518112 | This U.S. industry comprises establishments known as web search portals. Establishments in this industry operate web sites that use a search engine to generate and maintain extensive databases of Internet addresses and content in an easily searchable format. Web search portals often provide additional Internet services, such as e-mail, connections to other web sites, auctions, news, and other limited content, and serve as a home base for Internet users. Publishing or broadcasting exclusively on the Internet--are classified in Industry 516110, Internet Publishing and Broadcasting Providing Internet access, known as Internet Service Providers--are classified in U.S. Industry 518111, Internet Service Providers; Wholesaling goods on the Internet--are classified in Sector 42, Wholesale Trade; Retailing goods on the Internet--are classified in Sector 44-45, Retail Trade; and Operating stock brokerages, travel reservation systems, purchasing services, and similar activities using the Internet rather than traditional methods--are classified with the more traditional establishments providing these services.

Advertising and Related Services

NAICS #5418 |