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Iraq » Key Facts

Middle East.

Area

438,317 sq km (169,235 sq miles).

Population

27 million (CIA estimate 2006).

Population Density

61.6 per sq km.

Capital

Baghdad. Population: 5.7 million (2006 estimate).

Government

Iraqi Transitional Government.

Iraq shares borders with Turkey, Iran, the Gulf of Oman, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic. There is also a neutral zone between Iraq and Saudi Arabia administered jointly by the two countries. Iraq’s portion covers 3,522 sq km (1,360 sq miles). The country’s main topographical features are the two rivers, the Euphrates and the Tigris, which flow from the Turkish and Syrian Arab Republic borders in the north to the Gulf in the south. The northeast is mountainous, while the country in the west is arid desert. The land surrounding the two rivers is fertile plain, but the lack of effective irrigation has resulted in flooding and areas of marshland.

Language

80% Arabic (official). Other languages spoken include Kurdish, Persian, Chaldean, Assyrian and Armenian. English is quite widely spoken in urban centres.

Religion

Islam. Muslims make up 95% of the population, with considerably more Shiites than Sunni. Others are Christians who belong to various sects, including Chaldeans, Assyrians, Syrian and Roman Catholics, Orthodox Armenians and Jacobites. Other religious minorities are the Yezidis, often called devil worshippers, and the Sabaeans, or Mandeans, who are followers of John the Baptist.

Time

GMT + 3 (GMT + 4 from 1 April to 1 October).

Social Conventions

Owing to a long and varied history, Iraq is a culturally rich country. Today, traditional Islamic culture predominates, with Koranic law playing an active role in the day-to-day life of the country, and visitors should be careful to respect this and act accordingly. Visitors should always address their hosts by full name and title. Traditional Arab hospitality is followed as a rule, in accordance with religious law. Conservative and discreet dress should be worn in observance of local Islamic laws.

Photography: There is a need for extreme caution when photographing anything of a sensitive nature. This includes photographs of local people (the Muslim religion does not allow the representation of human or animal images in any form); and, most importantly, any government installations, buildings or indeed anything else that may be considered off-limits to visitors. If in any doubt, do not take a photo.

Electricity

230 volts AC, 50Hz. Various two- and three-pin plugs are in use. Electricity supplies were severely affected in the recent conflict and are still unreliable.

Head of Government

Prime Minister Jawad al-Maliki since 2006.

Head of State

President Jalal Talabani since 2005.

Recent History

Since March 2003 when the US-led coalition declared war on Iraq and successfully ousted the regime of Saddam Hussein, the country has been in a period of transition. The transferral of power was finally granted to a new Iraqi government in 2004. Countrywide elections in 2005 appointed a National Assembly, with the majority of seats assigned to the Shia United Iraqi Alliance. This assembly elected a president, Jalal Talabani, who, in turn, designated Ibrahim Jaafari as prime minister. Parliamentary elections took place in December 2005 and following months of political deadlock, Jaafari withdrew his candidature for prime minister in April 2006, making way for Jawad al-Maliki. It remains to be seen whether al-Maliki is able to form a government capable of uniting this divided nation in the face of a rapidly deteriorating security situation.

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Information in this section was last updated: Monday, March 30 - 2009

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